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Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing—A trend in manufacturing development

Fengzhou FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第4期页码 325-327 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0402-1

摘要：

Manufacturing is the foundation of a nation’s economy. It is the primary industry to promote economic and social development. To accelerate and upgrade China’s manufacturing sector from “precision manufacturing” to “high-performance and high-quality manufacturing”, a new breakthrough should be found in terms of achieving a “leap-frog development”. Unlike conventional manufacturing, the fundamental theory of “Manufacturing 3.0” is beyond the scope of conventional theory; rather, it is based on new principles and theories at the atomic and/or close-to-atomic scale. Obtaining a dominant role at the international level is a strategic move for China’s progress.

关键词： atomic manufacturing Manufacturing 3.0 Manufacturing 2025 Industry 4.0

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Crystallographic orientation effect on cutting-based single atomic layer removal

Wenkun XIE, Fengzhou FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第4期页码 631-644 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0599-x

摘要： The ever-increasing requirements for the scalable manufacturing of atomic-scale devices emphasize the significance of developing atomic-scale manufacturing technology. The mechanism of a single atomic layer removal in cutting is the key basic theoretical foundation for atomic-scale mechanical cutting. Material anisotropy is among the key decisive factors that could not be neglected in cutting at such a scale. In the present study, the crystallographic orientation effect on the cutting-based single atomic layer removal of monocrystalline copper is investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. When undeformed chip thickness is in the atomic scale, two kinds of single atomic layer removal mechanisms exist in cutting-based single atomic layer removal, namely, dislocation motion and extrusion, due to the differing atomic structures on different crystallographic planes. On close-packed crystallographic plane, the material removal is dominated by the shear stress-driven dislocation motion, whereas on non-close packed crystallographic planes, extrusion-dominated material removal dominates. To obtain an atomic, defect-free processed surface, the cutting needs to be conducted on the close-packed crystallographic planes of monocrystalline copper.

关键词： ACSM single atomic layer removal mechanism crystallographic orientation effect mechanical cutting Manufacturing III

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Applications of atomic force microscopy in immunology

Jiping Li, Yuying Liu, Yidong Yuan, Bo Huang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 43-52 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0769-6

摘要： Cellular mechanics, a major regulating factor of cellular architecture and biological functions, responds to intrinsic stresses and extrinsic forces exerted by other cells and the extracellular matrix in the microenvironment. Cellular mechanics also acts as a fundamental mediator in complicated immune responses, such as cell migration, immune cell activation, and pathogen clearance. The principle of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and its three running modes are introduced for the mechanical characterization of living cells. The peak force tapping mode provides the most delicate and desirable virtues to collect high-resolution images of morphology and force curves. For a concrete description of AFM capabilities, three AFM applications are discussed. These applications include the dynamic progress of a neutrophil-extracellular-trap release by neutrophils, the immunological functions of macrophages, and the membrane pore formation mediated by perforin, streptolysin O, gasdermin D, or membrane attack complex.

关键词： cellular mechanics atomic force microscopy neutrophil extracellular trap macrophage phagocytosis pore formation

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Shape and topology optimization for tailoring the ratio between two flexural eigenfrequencies of atomic

Qi XIA,Tao ZHOU,Michael Yu WANG,Tielin SHI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第9卷第1期页码 50-57 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0286-x

摘要：

In an operation mode of atomic force microscopy that uses a higher eigenmode to determine the physical properties of material surface, the ratio between the eigenfrequency of a higher flexural eigenmode and that of the first flexural eigenmode was identified as an important parameter that affects the sensitivity and accessibility. Structure features such as cut-out are often used to tune the ratio of eigenfrequencies and to enhance the performance. However, there lacks a systematic and automatic method for tailoring the ratio. In order to deal with this issue, a shape and topology optimization problem is formulated, where the ratio between two eigenfrequencies is defined as a constraint and the area of the cantilever is maximized. The optimization problem is solved via the level set based method.

关键词： atomic force microscopy cantilever probe eigenfrequency optimization

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Preconcentration of trace elements by adsorption onto a niobium wire for electrothermal atomization atomic

Satoshi KANECO, Hiroaki KITANAGA, Hideyuki KATSUMATA, Tohru SUZUKI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 432-435 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1219-z

摘要： In the present work, a new preconcentration method of trace elements by adsorption onto a niobium wire has been developed for electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) with a tungsten tube atomizer. Detection limits (pg·mL ) by this method combined with ETAAS were 45 for bismuth, 7.0 for cadmium, 20 for copper, 1.3 for gold, 36 for lead, 65 for manganese, 9.5 for rhodium and 19 for silver.

关键词： preconcentration adsorption onto niobium wire electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry tungsten tube atomizer trace elements

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从原子结构探讨贵金属在提取冶金过程中的行为

陈景

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第2期页码 34-40

摘要：

从原子结构特征分析了第Ⅷ族和IB族中Fe、Co、Ni、Cu 3d贱金属元素与其余8个贵金属元素化学性质的差异，以及Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag 4d贵金属与Os、Ir、Pt、Au 5d贵金属化学性质的差异。指出横向比较时，它们的化学稳定性都是从左到右增大；纵向比较时，化学稳定性是3d≤4d＜5d。以从硫化铜镍矿中提取富集贵金属为例，讨论了焙烧-还原熔炼-氧化吹炼等火法过程及电解富集、阳极泥硫酸化处理、湿法氯化、加压氧化、选择性还原等湿法过程中贵金属的行为。

关键词：原子结构贵金属提取冶金

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Comparison of masking agents for antimony speciation analysis using hydride generation atomic fluorescence

Jianhong XI,Mengchang HE,Kunpeng WANG,Guizhi ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第6期页码 970-978 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0716-3

摘要： A sensitive atomic spectrometric method for the redox speciation analysis of Sb in water is described. The proposed method is based on the selective generation of stibine from Sb(III) in a continuous flow system using non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry for detection. The effects of the HCl concentration on the fluorescence intensities of Sb(III) and Sb(V) were investigated. The results indicated that atomic fluorescence emission due to Sb(V) can constructively interfere with the determination of Sb(III). For the determination of Sb(III), four compounds were tested as masking agents to inhibit the generation of stibine from Sb(V). The effects of the concentrations of the masking agents and of HCl on the fluorescence signals from Sb(III) and Sb(V) were studied. The results indicated that citric acid and NaF can successfully suppress hydride generation from Sb(V). To evaluate the developed methodology and the influence of the matrix, the recovery of Sb(III) from natural water that was spiked with different Sb(III) and Sb(V) concentrations was tested.

关键词： Sb(III) Sb(V) determination masking agents hydride generation (HG-AFS)

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Investigation of nanostructure of konjac-based water absorbents with atomic force microscopy

Shengrong GENG, Ruotai LIN, Mingli CHEN, Shaoyang LIU, Yifen WANG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 357-362 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0245-y

摘要： Atomic force microscopy technology is gradually spreading to almost all aspects, including food science and technology, since it was first invented in 1986. In this study, this powerful instrument was applied to image nanostructures of three water absorbents—original konjac powder, konjac powder grafted with acrylic acid using Co γ-irradiation and regenerated grafted powder. Water absorption capacities and the rates of the three absorbents were also determined in this work. Original konjac powder could only absorb 60 times (w/w) of water, while 270 times for the grafted absorbent and 360 times for the regenerated absorbent. The initial water absorption rates in both tap and distilled water were high, but the rate decreased steeply as time elapsed. After 20min, the absorbent was close to saturated status. These physical properties were in accordance with the nanostructures of these three water absorbents.

关键词： regenerated grafted -irradiation grafted grafted absorbent accordance

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贵金属物理性质与原子结构的关系

陈景

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第7期页码 66-73

摘要：

按周期表位置排列的8个贵金属元素的物理性质，归纳出三种类型的规律，即原子半径相近，密度与比热接近倍比；熔点、沸点、硬度及其它力学性质呈线性变化；热导率和电导率呈不规则变化。文章用价键理论从原子结构特征对产生三类规律的原因进行了讨论。

关键词：贵金属物理性质原子结构

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Spin polarization strategy to deploy proton resource over atomic-level metal sites for highly selective

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第12期页码 1772-1781 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2197-4

摘要： Unlocking of the extremely inert C=O bond during electrochemical CO₂ reduction demands subtle regulation on a key “resource”, protons, necessary for intermediate conversion but also readily trapped in water splitting, which is still challenging for developing efficient single-atom catalysts limited by their structural simplicity usually incompetent to handle this task. Incorporation of extra functional units should be viable. Herein, a proton deployment strategy is demonstrated via “atomic and nanostructured iron (A/N-Fe) pairs”, comprising atomically dispersed iron active centers spin-polarized by nanostructured iron carbide ferromagnets, to boost the critical protonation steps. The as-designed catalyst displays a broad window (300 mV) for CO selectivity > 90% (98% maximum), even outperforming numerous cutting-edge M–N–C systems. The well-placed control of proton dynamics by A/N-Fe can promote *COOH/*CO formation and simultaneously suppress H₂ evolution, benefiting from the magnetic-proximity-induced exchange splitting (spin polarization) that properly adjusts energy levels of the Fe sites’ d-shells, and further those of the adsorbed intermediates’ antibonding molecular orbitals.

关键词： CO₂ electrolysis single-atom catalysts spin polarization proton dynamics in situ IR spectroscopy kinetic isotope effect

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无溶剂气相制备用于可持续分离过程的膜材料 Perspective

赵俊杰, Karen K. Gleason

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第12期页码 1432-1442 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.002

摘要：

可用于水净化、碳捕集、生物燃料生产、燃料电池运行以及节能工业分离操作的可持续化工过程亟待发展下一代膜材料。膜的无溶剂制备不仅消除了有机溶剂的潜在环境问题，而且解决了脆弱聚合物基材的膨胀问题。此外，采用无溶剂气相沉积方法可以减少合成微孔材料[如金属有机骨架（MOF）]所需的活化步骤。本文综述了几种真空沉积工艺，包括引发式化学气相沉积（iCVD）、引发式等离子体增强化学气相沉积（iPECVD）、无溶剂气相沉积原位聚合（SLIP）、原子层沉积（ALD）和分子层沉积（MLD）。这些无溶剂气相沉积方法在制备薄膜复合膜结构中的超薄选择层方面极具优势，而且能够保形地修饰纳米级孔道并精确调节孔径和孔内官能团。所制备的膜在气体分离、纳滤、海水淡化和水/油分离等方面表现出颇具应用潜力的性能。因此，开发新型膜材料、放大可用于无溶剂气相沉积的高通量反应器将对化学工业产生巨大影响。

关键词：膜分离化学气相沉积原子层沉积分子层沉积薄膜金属有机骨架聚合物先进制造

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The investigation of fly ash based asphalt binders using atomic force microscope

Rajan SAHA, Kyle MALLOY, Emil BAUTISTA, Konstantin SOBOLEV

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 380-387 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0437-3

摘要： Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a relatively new technique for investigation of construction materials. In this study AFM was used to investigate the interaction of asphalt binder with fly ash. Fly ash is a coal combustion byproduct of electric power utilities having pozzolanic properties and commonly used in Portland cement concrete. In this study, an investigation was made by using different types of fly ash with two types of asphalt binders such as PG 58-28 and PG 64-28. Asphalt microstructure is divided into four subgroups such as Saturates, Aromatics, Resins and Asphaltenes (SARA). These four phases can be distinguished by the atomic force microscope. The interaction of these phases affected by introducing fly-ash was investigated and correlation with rheological properties was observed.

关键词： AFM fly ash bee rheology asphalt

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原子质量的相对论效应和应用

朱正和,傅依备,蒙大桥,唐永健

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第1期页码 21-24

摘要：

应用相对论理论(Dirac)来计算 C、O、S、Se、Te、Sm和Pu原子的相对论和非相对论的电子状态和能量，比较相对论和非相对论的能量差别后得到：如果以 O 原子的相对论和非相对论能量差为1，则 S、Se、Sm和Pu原子的相对论和非相对论能量差分别为 17.5、479、6 781 和 46 166。就钚和氧相比，质量的相对论效应增加46 166倍。Pu的相对论的和非相对论的能量的差占总能量的 8.72 %，所以对重元素，应用相对论的计算是很必要的。

关键词： Dirac理论质量的相对论效应钐和钚原子

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Atomic force microscopy study on the microtopography of natural organic matter and newly formed hydrous

GUO Jin, MA Jun, SHI Xuehua

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 251-256 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0043-z

摘要： To understand the water purification mechanism of potassium permanganate as a coagulation-aid during the preoxidation process, the microtopography of its reductive products, the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide and the aged hydrous manganese dioxide, was investigated. The morphology of natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbed by the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was also compared with that of NOM alone. By using the tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), the observation results show that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide possess a perforated sheet (with a thickness of 0 1.75 nm) as well as some spherical particle structures compared with the hydrous manganese dioxide with 2 h aging time, which demonstrated that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide had a large surface area and adsorption capacity. When 1 mmol/L newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was added, the microtopography of NOM molecules shifted from a loosely dispersed pancake shape (with adsorption height of 5 8.5 nm) to a densely dispersed and uniform spherical structure. These results provide a valid proof that it is the perfect adsorption capability of the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide that might result in the coagulation aid effect of potassium permanganate preoxidation.

关键词： spherical microtopography potassium permanganate uniform spherical morphology

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Atomistic simulations of plasma catalytic processes

Erik C. Neyts

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 145-154 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1674-7

摘要： There is currently a growing interest in the realisation and optimization of hybrid plasma/catalyst systems for a multitude of applications, ranging from nanotechnology to environmental chemistry. In spite of this interest, there is, however, a lack in fundamental understanding of the underlying processes in such systems. While a lot of experimental research is already being carried out to gain this understanding, only recently the first simulations have appeared in the literature. In this contribution, an overview is presented on atomic scale simulations of plasma catalytic processes as carried out in our group. In particular, this contribution focusses on plasma-assisted catalyzed carbon nanostructure growth, and plasma catalysis for greenhouse gas conversion. Attention is paid to what can routinely be done, and where challenges persist.

关键词： atomic scale simulation plasma-catalyst

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标题作者时间类型操作

Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing—A trend in manufacturing development

Fengzhou FANG

期刊论文

Crystallographic orientation effect on cutting-based single atomic layer removal

Wenkun XIE, Fengzhou FANG

期刊论文

Applications of atomic force microscopy in immunology

Jiping Li, Yuying Liu, Yidong Yuan, Bo Huang

期刊论文